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The United States believes that Russia is allowing Russian organizations
to transfer nuclear and missile technology to Iran that will be used to advance
Iran's nuclear weapon and ballistic missile capabilities. Russia rejects this
view. In some cases, Moscow has denied that the exports identified by the
United States have been made. In other cases, it argues that the particular
export is not one that can be used for military purposes. The issue of nuclear
and missile-related exports to Iran is one of the most serious disputes between
the United States and Russia today. It has led the United States to penalize
a number of Russian companies and to threaten the Russian government with
more severe economic penalties. The United States has also offered to finance
new cooperative programs with Russia, such as joint work on the development
of new types of nuclear electric power reactors, if Russia ends the transfers
of sensitive technologies to Iran. So far, however, this strategy has not
worked.
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