This annotated chronology is based on the data sources that follow each entry. Public sources often provide conflicting information on classified military programs. In some cases we are unable to resolve these discrepancies, in others we have deliberately refrained from doing so to highlight the potential influence of false or misleading information as it appeared over time. In many cases, we are unable to independently verify claims. Hence in reviewing this chronology, readers should take into account the credibility of the sources employed here.
Inclusion in this chronology does not necessarily indicate that a particular development is of direct or indirect proliferation significance. Some entries provide international or domestic context for technological development and national policymaking. Moreover, some entries may refer to developments with positive consequences for nonproliferation.
The US and South Korea have working-level discussions to develop a “roadmap” for a “package deal” to resolve North Korea’s ballistic missile and WMD programs. The roadmap is said to be a “step-by-step package deal involving strict reciprocity.”
—Park Doo-shik, “US Open to Talks with North Korea,” Chosun Ilbo, 8 February 2002, <http://english.chosun.com>; Park Tu Shik, “Taebuk Kibonjŏngch’aek ‘Road Map’ Han’gug’e Chŏndal/Mi’e ‘Ŏmgyŏkhan Sanghojuŭi’ Chŏg’yong,” Chosun Ilbo, 7 February 2002, p. 3, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.
The South Korean government learns from Chinese sources that Kim Jong Il might visit China during mid February 2002. Speculation is that Kim is concerned the United States will expand the war on terrorism to North Korea. Other analysts believe Kim might visit China to address North Korea’s severe foreign exchange shortage, which according to the Chosun Ilbo, is due in part to North Korea’s declining missile exports.
—Yi Kyo-kwan, “Kim Chong-il To Possibly Visit Beijing Around February,” Chosun Ilbo, 29 January 2002, in “’Source’ Says DPRK Leader To ‘Possibly’ Visit China, Vietnam in Jan-Feb,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020129000114; Lee Kyo Kwan, “Kim Chŏng Il Ddo Chungguk Kana...2 Wŏl Kke Beijing Pangmun Chang Jjŏ Min Kwa Hoedam Kanŭngsŏng,” Chosun Ilbo, 30 January 2002, p. 53, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>.
North Korean print and broadcast media report that South Korea has decided to purchase 111 Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS) ballistic missiles from Lockheed-Martin of the United States. KCNA says the plan is “intended to lead the situation to the brink of war.” The missiles have a range of 300km.
—“S. Korean Authorities’ Plan to Introduce Missiles Under Fire,” Korean Central News Agency, 7 January 2002, <http://www.kcns.co.jp>; “Namjosŏndangguk’I Missile’ŭl Kkŭr’ŏ Tŭr’i’gi’e Gwangbun,” Korean Central News Agency, 7 January 2002, <http://www.kcns.co.jp>; “North Denounces South’s New Missiles,” Joongang Ilbo, 8 January 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Ch’oe Sŏn Yŏng, “Puk, Nam ATACMS Missile Kumae Podo,” Yonhap News Agency, 7 January 2002, <http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/>; “Puk, Nam Missile Kumae Pi’nan,” Hankyoreh Shinmun, 8 January 2002, p. 4, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr>.
Pyongyang Radio denounces the United States for elevating the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) to an agency and renaming it the “Missile Defense Agency” (MDA) on 4 January 2002.
—“Puk, Mi Missile Pang’ŏguk Sŏlch’i’e Kwanshim,” Chosun Ilbo, 9 January 2002, <http://www.chosun.com/>; Ch’oe Sŏn Yŏng, “Puk, Mi Missile Pang’ŏguk Sŏlch’i’e Kwanshim,” Joongang Ilbo, 8 January 2002, <http://www.joins.com/>; Korean Central Broadcasting Station, 9 January 2002, in “DPRK Denoucnes US Plans for Creating Missile Defense Agency,” FBIS Document ID KPP20020109000007.
The National Intelligence Council of the United States releases, “Foreign Missile Developments and the Ballistic Missile Threat Through 2015: Unclassified Summary of a National Intelligence Estimate.” The report says “during the next 15 years, the United States most likely will face ICBM threats from North Korea and Iran.” North Korea is reportedly working on the Taepodong-2 ballistic missile, which is estimated to have a range of 10,000km in a two-stage configuration with a several-hundred-kilogram payload. However, the range could be extended 15,000kg with a third stage similar to the third stage used for the Paektusan-1 SLV launch on 31 August 1998. According to the report, North Korea “is nearly self-sufficient in developing and producing ballistic missiles and has demonstrated a willingness to sell complete systems and components.” The report says the Taepodong-2 may be ready for flight-testing, but a South Korean government says, “I understand that there is no specific information or signs of the possibility of North Korea test-firing a Taepodong-2 missile.”
—National Intelligence Council, “Foreign Missile Developments and the Ballistic Missile Threat Through 2015: Unclassified Summary of a National Intelligence Estimate,” December 2001, released on 9 January 2002, <http://www.cia.gov/>; Kwon Kyong-pok, “CIA: Possibility of North Korea Test-Firing Taep’odong-2 Missile,” Yonhap News Agency, 10 January 2002, in “ROK Official Denies ‘Signs’ of DPRK Test-Firing Taep’odong-2 Missile,” FBIS Document ID KPP20020110000050; John J. Lumpkin, “CIA: China Expected to Target U.S.,” Washington Post, 9 January 2002, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/>; Bill Gertz, “Intelligence Report Sees China Greatly Increasing Missile Force,” Washington Times, 10 January 2002, p. 7; Kwon Kyŏng Bok, “‘Puk, Taepodong 2 Ho Shihŏmbalsa Kanŭngsŏng’ <CIA>,” Joongang Ilbo, 10 January 2002, <http://www.joins.com/ >; Rich Tuttle, “Intelligence report Sees No Major Changes in Missile Threat,” Aerospace Daily, 11 January 2002, Vol. 210, No. 8, p. 5, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/ >; “US Could Face North Korean and Iranian ICBM Threats by 2015,” Jane’s Missiles and Rockets, February 2002, p. 6.
The North Korean print and broadcast media criticize the United States for labeling North Korea as a “rouge state” and “sponsor of terrorism” in an effort to isolate and undermine North Korea. The media say the North Korean “missile threat” is nonexistent, and that North Korea produces missiles for self-defense.
—“U.S. Hit for Pulling Up DPRK,” Korean Central News Agency, 10 January 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp>; “Saeroŭn Kukka’t’eroro Konghwa’gug’apsalwihan <T’ero’jiwŏn’guk>, <Pullyangbaegukka> Sodong/Rodongshinmun,” Korean Central News Agency, 10 January 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “U.S. Brigandish Logic Blasted,” Korean Central News Agency, 10 January 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “<Haek Mit Missile Wihyŏp> Kwa <Sangyongmugi Ch’ukkam> Ŭl Ddŏdŭ’nŭn’gŏs’ŭn Kangdojŏngnolli/Rodongshinmun,” Korean Central News Agency, 10 January 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “North Argues Missiles Are for Self-Defense,” Joongang Ilbo, 12 January 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Korean Central Broadcasting Station (Pyongyang), 10 January 2002, in “US Denounced for ‘Targeting’ DPRK With MD, Urged To Withdraw USFK,” FBIS Document ID KPP20020110000068; Korean Central Broadcasting Station (Pyongyang), 10 January 2002, in “US Decried for Calling DPRK Terror Sponsor; Missile ‘Sovereignty’ Reasserted,” FBIS Document ID KPP20020110000065; Ch’oe Sŏn Yŏng, “Puk, Missile Kaebal’ŭn Chawijŏk Mokchŏk,” Yonhap News Agency, 10 January 2002, <http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr>.
The Korean Central News Agency says the United States has “reportedly set up a special missile unit allegedly to protect its forces in South Korea and the South Korean army from the ‘missile threat’ of North Korea.” The commentary labels the United States an “arch criminal posing a real missile threat to the world.” The article also claims the “creation of the missile unit is an unpardonable challenge” and that North Korea will respond by increasing its self-defense capabilities.
—“KCNA on ‘Missile Threat’,” Korean Central News Agency, 11 January 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp>; “Migug’ŭi T’uksu Missile Pudaech’angsŏl’ŭn Tobalchŏkchŏktaehaeng’wi/Chosŭnjungangt’ongshin Ronp’yŏng,” Korean Central News Agency, 11 January 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp>.
The Rodong Sinmun says the US creation of a special missile unit for missile defense in South Korea is really aimed at striking North Korea “in an ‘emergency’ on the Korean peninsula.” The commentary says North Korea “is ready enough to undertake a war against the United States, and if the US imperialist dare to provoke North Korea, they will face a bitter defeat.”
—“Rodong Sinmun on Purpose of Founding U.S. Special Missile Unit,” Korean Central News Agency, 13 January 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Rodongshinmun T’ŭksu Missile Pudaech’angsŏlmokchŏg’ŭl P’ongno,” Korean Central News Agency, 13 January 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Kim Nam-hyok, “With an Eye Toward Preemptive Strike,” Rodong Sinmun, 13 January 2002, in “DPRK Criticizes US launch of Special Missile Unit,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020128000085.
US Under Secretary of State for Arms Control John Bolton says, “The fact that governments which sponsor terrorist groups are also pursuing chemical, biological, nuclear, and missile programs is alarming and cannot be ignored. Countries such as North Korea and Iraq must cease their violations of NPT and allow the International Atomic Energy Agency to do its work. Further, I caution those who think that they can pursue nuclear weapons without detection: the United States and its allies will prove you wrong.” Bolton makes his comments during the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva. In response, North Korea’s delegate says that North Korea was permitting international inspections of its nuclear facilities.
—Elizabeth Olson, “U.S. Warns of Arms Threat, Citing North Korea and Iraq,” New York Times, 26 January 2002, p. 4, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com>; Tim Witcher, “North Korea to be Feature of Bush’s Asia Visit,” Agence France Presse, 25 January 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com>; “US, South Korea and Japan Discuss North Korea Moves,” Agence France Presse, 25 January 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com>; Peter Slevin, “U.S. Backs Rules Against Arms Spread,” Washington Post, 25 January 2002, p. A15, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>.
The Trilateral Coordination and Oversight Group (TCOG) conclude a one-day meeting in Seoul. The TCOG consists of government officials from the United States, South Korean and Japan that meet to coordinate policy towards North Korea. The participants say North Korea will be an important topic during George W. Bush’s trip to Asia in February, and that Bush’s visits would “positively contribute to peace and stability on and around the Korean peninsula.” A South Korean government official later reveals that the US delegation informs the Japanese and South Korean participants that the Bush administration will now require “step-by-step reciprocity from North Korea, and will spell out how North Korea will be punished or rewarded for future conduct.”
—Tim Witcher, “North Korea to be Feature of Bush’s Asia Visit,” Agence France Presse, 25 January 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com>; “US, South Korea and Japan Discuss North Korea Moves,” Agence France Presse, 25 January 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/ >; “U.S. to Keep North on a Short Leash,” Joongang Ilbo, 7 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Jong-Heon Lee, “Bush Visit Seen as Peace Builder,” United Press International, 25 January 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/ >; “TCOG Meeting,” Korea Update, Vol. 13, No. 1, January 2002, p. 3.
Cho Myŏng Rok, First Vice Chairman of the National Defense Committee, meets with China’s new ambassador to North Korea. [Note: Cho has reportedly been suffering from kidney disease.]
—“Cho Myŏng Rok Ch’ongjŏngch’i’gukchang’i Chunggukshin’imdaesarŭl Manatta,” Korean Central News Agency, 28 January 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Korean Central News Agency, 28 January 2002, in “DPRK’s KCNA: Director of KPA General Political Department Meets New Chinese Ambassador,” FBIS Document ID KPP20020128000101; Kim Tu Hwan, “Puk Cho Myŏng Rok, U Dŭng Hŏ Chungguktaesa Manna,” Joongang Ilbo, 29 January 2002, <http://www.joins.com/>.
During his State of the Union Address, President George W. Bush says North Korea is part of an “axis of evil.”
—George W. Bush, “The President’s State of the Union Address,” 29 January 2002, <http://www.whitehouse.gov/>.
Bush administration officials say that although George W. Bush labelled North Korea as part of an “axis of evil” in his 29 January State of the Union Address, the United States is not planning imminent military action against North Korea, Iran or Iraq.
—David E. Sanger, “Bush Aides Say Tough Tone Put Foes On Notice,” New York Times, 31 January 2002, p. 1; Sally Buzbee, “Rumsfeld: U.S. Watching ‘Axis of Evil’,” Associated Press, in Joongang Ilbo, 1 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/ >; Kim Chin and O Yŏng Hwan, “Mi’guk ‘Bush Pal’ŏn Kunsahaengdong Imbak Ddŭs Anida’,” Joongang Ilbo, 31 January 2002, <http://www.joins.com/>.
A spokesman for the North Korean Foreign Ministry issues a statement in response to George W. Bush’s State of the Union Address on 29 January. The spokesman blames the US economic recession, terrorist attacks, and other US problems on the “unilateral and self opinionated foreign policy, political immaturity and moral leprosy of the Bush administration.” He says, “There has been no precedent in the modern history of DPRK-US relations that in his policy speech the US President made undisguised threatening remarks on aggression and threat against the DPRK, an independent and sovereign state. This is, in fact, little short of declaring war against the DPRK.” He also says, “The option to ‘strike’ imprudently advocated by the US is not a monopoly.”
—Spokesman for DPRK Foreign Ministry Slams Bush’s Accusations,” Korean Central News Agency, 31 January 2002, <http://www.kcan.co.jp/>; Bush’ŭi <Nyŏndu’gyosŏ>nŭn Uri’e Taehan Sŏnjŏnp’ogo / Chosŏnoemusŏngdaebyŏn’in Sŏngmyŏng,” 31 January 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/ >; Seo Soo-min, “NK Likens Bush’s Remarks to Declaration of War,” Korea Times, 1 February 2002, <http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/ >; David R. Sands, “North Korea Assails ‘Axis’ Label,” Washington Times, 1 February 2002, p.1.
US National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice tells the Conservative Political Action Conference that North Korea is “the world’s number one merchant for ballistic missiles. Rice says the United States has offered a “road map to for reciprocal steps that would enable North Korea to take a better course.” However, she adds, “We’ve had no serious response from Pyongyang.”
—Condoleezza Rice, “Remarks by the National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice to CPAC,” 31 January 2002, <http://www.cpac.org/>; “North Korea Leads World in Ballistic Missile Exports,” World Tribune.com, 4 February 2002, <http://www.worldtribune.com/>; Peter Slevin, “Powell Offers Reassurance to South Korea; U.S. Remains Willing to Hold Talks With North, Seoul Counterpart Is Told,” Washington Post, 2 February 2002, p. A19, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>; George Gedda, “Powell Plans Talks with Leaders from Europe, the Middle East and Asia on Terror-Fighting Policy,” Associated Press, 1 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>; Bob Deans, “Despite ‘Axis of Evil’ Staus, U.S. Open to Talks with North Korea,” Cox News Service, 1 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/ >; Choi Won-ki, “North Korea Refused Talks with U.S.” Joongang Ilbo, 4 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/ >.
An underground munitions plant in Sŏnggan-kun (城干郡), Chagang Province explodes, killing at least 1,000 people. The factory reportedly produced the warheads for 240mm multiple rocket launchers, and was 80 meters underground with eight stories. [Note: This could be the No. 81 Munitions Factory (第81號兵器工場), but this is not yet confirmed. A number of small power plants were reportedly established in the area around 1997 or early 1998, but it is unclear if any of the power plants were specifically constructed to provide energy for this munitions factory.]
—Lee Kyo Kwan, “[NK Report] Chiha Kunsugongjang P’okpal...1000 Yŏ’myŏng Sa’mang,” Chosun Ilbo, 23 June 2002, <http://www.chosun.com/ >; Yi Kyo-kwan, “Underground Munitions Plant Explodes...About 1,000 Persons Killed,” Chosun Ilbo, 23 June 2002, in “DPRK Underground Munitions Plant Reportedly Exploded in Feb, Killing 1,000 People,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020623000046; Lee Chae Sŭng, “Pukhanŭi 6 Kae Kwŏn’yŏkpyŏl Kong’ŏppaech’i Hyŏnhwang,” Segye Ilbo, 22 July 1992, p. 12, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>; “Chŏllyŏg’ŭl Chach’ero Hae’gyŏlhago’innŭn Chagangdo/So’gae,” Korean Central News Agency, 5 February 1998, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Shi’gun 30 Yŏ’got Chungsohyŏng Paljŏnso Taeryang Kŏnsŏl/100 Yŏ’gae Kongjang Chŏllyŏkkonggŭp,” Kukmin Ilbo, 2 February 2002, p. 15, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>.
In New York, US Secretary if State Colin Powell tells South Korean Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Han Sŭng Su that North Korea has continued to sell ballistic following the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 in the United States. Powell says North Korea actually increased its missile exports during the last 4-5 months.
—Park Doo-shik, “US Steps Up NK Missile Monitoring,” Chosun Ilbo, 5 February 2002, <http://english.chosun.com/>; O Yŏng Hwan, “Pukhan Missile Such’ul Kyesok Chŭngga,” Joongang Ilbo, 6 February 2002, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>; Park Tu Shik and Yu Yong Wŏn, “Mi, Puk Missile Kamshich’ejero,” Chosun Ilbo, 6 February 2002, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>; Hwang Chae Hun, “Mi ‘Puk Missile Such’ulhwaktae’ T’ongbo,” Yonhap News Agency, 5 February 2002, <http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/>; Kim Jin, “Powell Voices Reservations on ‘Sunshine’ Policy Results,” Joongang Ilbo, 4 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Kim Kwi Kŭn, “<Puk Missile Kaebalmit Such’ulhyŏnhwang>” Yonhap News Agency, 6 February 2002, <http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/>.
Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres says, “Iran, in collaboration with North Korea, is trying to build a missile with a range of 10,000km that could threaten North America.”
—Alan Friedman, “Peres Asserts Iran Armed Hezbollah: He Says 8,000 Missiles Were Sent,” International Herald Tribune, 4 February 2002, p. 1, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>.
US Secretary of State Colin Powell says that North Korea is continuing to develop missiles and sells them. Powell says the United States is prepared to negotiate with North Korea “any time, any place, without preconditions.”
—Face the Nation, CBS News Transcripts, in “Secretary of State Colin Powell Discusses the War on Terrorism,” 3 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>.
During a Tokyo news conference, Admiral Dennis Blair, commander of US Forces in the Pacific, says, “There are no ‘Afghanistans’ in the Pacific, countries which harbor and support terrorist organizations, but North Korea is a special case.” Blair also says, “We need to be on guard against North Korea, along with its export of missiles and missiles it’s building itself.”
—Asia Pacific Warned Against NKorean Missile Threat by US Pacific Commander,” AFX – Asia, 4 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/ >; Kyodo News Service, “U.S. Admiral Calls for Stronger Asian Unity Against Terrorism,” Japan Economic Newswire, 4 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/ >; Kim Sung-soo, “U.S. Keeps Pressure on North,” Joongang Ilbo, 5 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/ >.
Former South Korean Minister if Foreign Affairs and Trade, Han Sŭng Su, who was dismissed yesterday, says that the United States has informed South Korea that North Korea has continued to develop and export missiles. Han says that before 11 September 2001, North Korea’s WMD were not such a problem, but now the US basic strategy is that North Korea’s WMD programs must be stopped. Han also says that the United States is not likely to extend the next stage of the “war on terrorism” to North Korea.
—Oh Young-hwan, “North Persists in Arms Sales, U.S. Tells Seoul,” Joongang Ilbo, 6 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; O Yŏng Hwan, “Pukhan Missile Such’ul Kyesok Chŭngga,” Joongang Ilbo, 6 February 2002, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>; Park Tu Shik, “Han Sŭng Su Chŏn Oegyo ‘Mi, Ag’ŭi Ch’uk Palŏn Kŭ’gŏ’itta,” Chosun Ilbo, 6 February 2002, p. 3, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/ >; Yonhap News Agency, 5 February 2002, in “ROK’s Yonhap: Outgoing Minister Says U.S. Unlikley To Take War on Terror to N.K.” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020205000069; Hwang Chae Hun, “Mi ‘Puk Missile Such’ulhwaktae’ T’ongbo,” Yonhap News Agency, 5 February 2002, <http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/>.
Testifying before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, US Secretary of State Colin Powell says that George W. Bush’s reference to Iran, Iraq, and North Korea as an “axis of evil” was “not a rhetorical flourish -- ;he meant it.” Powell also says, “it does not mean that we are ready to invade anyone or that we are not willing to engage in dialogue. Quite the contrary.” Committee Chairman Joseph Biden says, “I agree with the president that each nation poses a security threat to the United States and to the civilized world, but they are hardly identical or allied with each other, and our policies toward them have up to now involved very different strategies.”
—Richard Wolffe, “Powell Acts to Defend Policy on Rogue States “Axis of Evil” Bush Stance Challenged,” Financial Times (London), 6 February 2002, p. 8, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>; Todd S. Purdum, “”Poweel Says U.S. Plans To Work Out Binding Arms Pact,” New York Times, 6 February 2002, p. A1, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>; “Powell, Puk-MI Taehwa ‘Kong’ŭn Ije Pukhan’e’ (Chonghap),” Yonhap News Agency, 6 February 2002, <http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/>.
Yang Sŏng Ch’ŏl, South Korean ambassador to the United States, says that recent harsh comments from US officials towards North Korea indicates that they must have significant evidence that North Korea is selling weapons of mass destruction. Yang says relations between the United States and North Korea could turn around if North Korea clarifies its position on WMD and allays fears that it possesses nuclear weapons.
—Oh Young-hwan, “North Persists in Arms Sales, U.S. Tells Seoul,” Joongang Ilbo, 6 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Park Doo-shik, “US Steps Up NK Missile Monitoring,” Chosun Ilbo, 5 February 2002, <http://english.chosun.com/ >; “Puk Missile Munjae Choyul Chaengjŏmhwa-2,” Yonhap News Agency, 5 February 2002, <http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/>.
A “diplomatic source” says that North Korea conducted three or four Taepodong-2 engine tests at the Musudan-ri rest facility last year. The last test is said to have been in mid-December 2001. Between 1998 and 2000, North Korea conducted an average of one or two Taepodong-2 engine tests a year. The information is said to come from US satellite imagery.
—Park Tu Shik and Yu Yong Wŏn, “Mi, Puk Missile Kamshich’ejero,” Chosun Ilbo, 6 February 2002, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>; “Report: N. Korea Preparing New Long-Range Missile Test,” World Tribune.com, 7 February 2002, <http://www.worldtribune.com/>; Kyodo News Service, 6 February 2002, in “N. Korea Conducts Engine Tests for Long-Range Missile: Report,” FBIS Document ID: JPP20020206000070.
The Rodong Sinmun criticizes George W. Bush’s State of the Union Address as being “little short of declaring war.” The official daily of the Korean Workers’ Party says the “options to ‘strike’ on the lips of the US is not its monopoly.”
—“Bush’s Accusation Against DPRK Under Fire,” Korean Central News Agency, 5 February 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “<T’agyŏk>ŭi Sŏnt’aekkwŏn’ŭn Mi’guk’ŭi Tukjŏmmul’i Anida / Rodongshinmun,” Korean Central News Agency, 5 February 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Paul Shin, “N. Korea Accuses U.S. of War Plot – AP,” Associated Press, in Joongang Ilbo, 6 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>.
In testimony before the US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, CIA Director George Tenet says North Korea is exporting ballistic missiles and missile components to countries like Iran, Libya, Syria and Egypt. Tenet says North Korea could have a ballistic missile that could reach the United States by 2015, and that North Korea has enough plutonium for one or two nuclear bombs. According to Tenet, North Korea is using the profits from its missile exports to further develop its missiles, and probably to covertly develop WMD.
—James Risen, “A Nation Challenged: The Threat; Al Qaeda Still Able to Strike U.S., Head of C.I.A. Says, New York Times, 7 February 2002, p. A1, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>; Associated Press, “Countries, Groups and Others that Are Considered Risks to U.S. Security,” St. Petersburg Times, 7 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>; Han Ki Hŭng, “Mi CIA Kukchang ‘Puk 2015 Nyŏn Mibont’o Konggyŏk Kanŭng,” Donga Ilbo, 7 February 2002, <http://www.donga.com/>; “CIA: Egypt Continues Missile Projects with N. Korea,” Middle East Newsline, 12 February 2002, <http://www.menewsline.com/>; Lee Ki Ch’ang, “Egypt, Pukhan’gwa Missile Hyŏpnyŏk Chisok,” Joongang Ilbo, 14 February 2002, <http://www.joins.com/>.
South Korean President Kim Dae Jung says that nuclear and missile problems must be resolved peacefully. Kim says that recently North Korea has been harshly criticizing the United States because of the US attitude towards North Korea. Kim also says that there can be policy differences among allies, but that anti-Americanism is not in Korea’s interest.
—Chŏng Jae Yong, “Kim Taet’ongnyŏng, ‘Haek, Missile Munjae, Taehwaro Pulŏya’,” Joongang Ilbo, 6 February 2002, <http://www.joins.com>; Yonhap News Agency, 6 February 2002, in “ROK Leader Says ‘Anti-US’ Voices ‘No Help’ To ROK-DPRK Relations,” FBIS Document ID 200202060000121; Chŏng Chae Yong, “Kim Taet’ongnyŏng ‘Taehwaro P’ulŏya’-1,” Yonhap News Agency, 6 February 2002, <http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/>; “President Urges Dialogue with North Korea,” Chosun Ilbo, 7 February 2002, <http://english.chosun.com/>.
Im Dong Wŏn, national security and unification advisor to the South Korean president, says that North Korea poses a threat to security on the Korean peninsula, but the threat must be reduced through peaceful dialogue. Im says that the use of military force will only result in the danger of igniting another Korean war.
—Kwŏn Kyŏng Bok, “Im T’ŭkpo ‘P’yŏnghwajŏgŭro Anbowihyŏp Haeso’,” Yonhap News Agency, 6 February 2002, <http://www.yonhapnews.net/>.
A South Korean military source says that North Korea conducted a number of engine tests for its Taepodong-2 missile at the Hwadae-kun [Musudan-ri] test facility last year. According to the source, it will take some time for North Korea to conduct a test flight of the Taepodong-2. [Note: English sources only refer to the missile as the “Taepodong,” but the Korean source specifies the missile as the Taepodong-2.]
—Kim Min Sŏk, “Pukhan, Changnyŏn Such’arye Missile Shilhŏm,” Joongang Ilbo, 6 February 2002, <http://www.joins.com/>; “North Korea Working to Improve Missile’s Range,” Joongang Ilbo, 6 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Joongang Ilbo, 7 February 2002, in “ROK DefMin Report: DPRK Conducts ‘Numerous’ Missile Tests in ‘Past Few years’,” FBIS Document ID KPP20020206000145; Sohn Suk-joo, “NK Tests New Engine for Taepodong II,” Korea Times, 7 February 2002, <http://www.koreatimes.co.kr>.
North Korean media criticize Admiral Dennis Blair, commander of US Forces in the Pacific, for his remarks at a Tokyo press conference on 4 February 2002. The Korean Central News Agency says, “This clearly indicates what a dangerous phase the US design to stifle socialist Korea has reached.”
—“U.S. Brasshat’s Reckless Remarks Assailed,” Korean Central News Agency, 6 February 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “T’aep’yŏngyangjiyŏk Mi’gunch’ongsaryŏnggwan’ŭi P’og’ŏn/Chosŏnjungangt’ongshin,” Korean Central News Agency, 6 February 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>.
Yang Sŏng Ch’ŏl, South Korean ambassador to the United States, says that the things have fundamentally changed since the terrorist attacks against the United States on 11 September 2001. Yang says the United States is sending a strong warning to North Korea about its continuing development, production and export of missiles.
—Hwang Chae Hun, “Chumidaesa ‘Mi, Puk Missile Kangnyŏkkyŏggo’,” Joongang Ilbo, 6 February 2002, <http://www.joins.com/>.
Yonhap News Agency reports that the CEP of the North Korean Scud-B, Scud-C, and Nodong-1 are 450-1,000m, 450-550m, and 2-4km, respectively.
—Kim Kwi Kŭn, “<Puk Missile Kaebalmit Such’ulhyŏnhwang>,” Yonhap News Agency, 6 February 2002, <http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/>.
North Korean UN Ambassador Pak Kil Yŏn says that North Korea is prepared to renew dialogue with the United States even though President George W. Bush labeled North Korea as a member of the “axis of evil.” Pak says that Bush’s speech amounts to a declaration of war, which surprised North Korea and caused confusion in governments around the world. Pak says that if the United States has a hostile or confrontational approach to North Korea, then North Korea will response in similar ways. On the other hand, Pak says, “Nice words will be answered by nice words.”
—Edith M. Lederer, “North Korea Takes Wait-And-See Tone,” Associated Press, in Joongang Ilbo, 11 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; “UN Chujae Puktaesa ‘Ŏnjedŭn Puk-Mi Taehwa Yongŭi’,” Joongang Ilbo, 8 February 2002, <http://www.joins.com>; Zeno Park, “North Korea Calls US ‘Empire of Devil’,” Agence France Presse, 8 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>.
In Seoul, Admiral Dennis Blair, commander of US Forces in the Pacific, says, “North Korea has become a potential threat to world security by engaging in missile proliferation and drug trafficking.”
—Sohn Suk-joo, “US Commander Sees N. Korea as Threat to World Security,” Korea Times, 8 February 2002, <http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/>; Park Doo-chik, “US Asia Pacific Commander Warns NK Still a Threat,” Chosun Ilbo, 7 February 2002, <http://english.chosun.com/>.
The Korean Central News Agency criticizes President Bush’s defense budget, saying “Though it has the largest number of weapons of mass destruction in the world, the US is sharply increasing military expenditure. This clearly proves that the US, ‘empire of devil,’ is posing a grave threat to the world peace and stability.”
—“KCNA on U.S. National Defense Budget,” Korean Central News Agency, 8 February 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Segye’rŭl Wihyŏpha’nŭn Mi’gug’ŭi Kukpang’yesan / Chosŏnjungangt’ongshin Ronp’yŏng,” Korean Central News Agency, 8 February 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>.
North Korea cancels the proposed visits of four former US ambassadors to South Korea. The US delegation was to include William Gleysteen, Richard Walker, Donald Gregg, Stephen Bosworth, and University of California Professor Emeritus Robert Scalapino. North Korea proposed the visit in recent months as a way to maintain a channel of communication with the United States. Pak Kil Yŏn, North Korean Ambassador to the UN, says he received instruction from Pyongyang to cancel the trip, but he does not link the move to George W. Bush’s State of the Union Address. However, Gleysteen and Scalapino say Bush’s speech is clearly the reason for the cancellation.
—Micheal Gordon, “A Nation Challenged: Korea; North Korea Cancels Trip By 4 Experts From the U.S.,” New York Times, 9 February 2002, p. A9, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/>; Vanessa Palo, “N. Korea Tells US Envoys Not to Come,” Associated Press, in Joongang Ilbo, 11 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>.
South Korean Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade Ch’oe Sŏng Hong tells the National Assembly that South Korea will take issue with North Korea’s WMD programs when inter-ministerial talks resume. Ch’oe says that South Korea has told North Korea to address the suspicions surrounding its missile and WMD programs during the June 2000 summit and other occasions.
—Yonhap News Agency, 9 February 2002, in “ROK’s Yonhap: Seoul to Issue Direct Appeal to Pyongyang over WMD,” FBIS Document ID KPP20020209000014.
In response to US National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice’s comments on 31 January 2002, when she said North Korea is the world’s largest exporter of ballistic missiles, the Korean Central News Agency says, “This is totally false propaganda” with the intention “to isolate and stifle” North Korea.
—KCNA on U.S. Conservatives’ Rash Act,” Korean Central News Agency, 11 February 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Mi’daet’ongnyŏnggukkaanbodamdangbojwa’gwan’ŭi <Terror Haengdongp’ogi> Chujang’ŭl Kyut’an / Chosŏnjungangt’ongshin Ronp’yŏng,” Korean Central News Agency, 11 February 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Ch’oe Sŏn Yŏng, “Puk, Rice Chŏnmibosudongmaeng Hoeŭi Palŏn Pinan,” Yonhap News Agency, 12 February 2002, <http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/>.
In response to CIA Director George Tenet’s testimony before the US Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, the Korean Central News Agency says North Korea’s development of weapons of mass destruction is “non-existent.” KCNA says the information provided by the CIA has “always been nothing but sophism designed to slander and do harm to other countries.”
—“KCNA on CIA Chief’s Remarks,” Korean Central News Agency, 11 February 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Mijungangjŏngboguk Changgwan’ŭi Moryag’in <Taeryangsallyungmugigaebal> Mangbal / Chosŏnjungangt’ongshin Ronp’yŏng,” Korean Central News Agency, 11 February 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>.
In testimony before the Senate Budget Committee, Secretary of State Colin Powell says the United States has no plans to start a war with North Korea. Powell says, “We want to see a dialogue. We want to contain North Korea’s activities with respect to proliferation, and we are going to keep the pressure on them.” Powell adds that George W. Bush will offer to restart dialogue with North Korea without conditions.
—Alan Sipress, “Powell: No Plans Now for War With ‘Axis’; Diplomatic, Political Approaches Stressed,” Washington Post, 13 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>; Michael R. Gordon and David E. Sanger, “A Nations Challenged: Iraq; Powell Says U.S. Is Weighing Ways to Topple Hussein,” New York Times, 13 February 2002, p. A1, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>; Barry Schweid, “Powell Says President Will Offer North Korea Unconditional Talks,” Associated Press, 12 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>; Xinhua News Agency, “U.S. to Offer Unconditional Talks to DPRK: Powell,” Xinhua General News Service, 12 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis.nexis.com/>; Kim Jin, “U.S. Hopes to Draw North from Isolation, Powell Says,” Joongang Ilbo, 14 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>.
North Korean radio reports “there is no reason for our nuclear and missile policies to attract suspicion.” The broadcast says these programs are “transparent, clear and are intended for self-defense.” The report also calls George W. Bush the “most ferocious war fanatic among previous US presidents and an ignorant political hooligan.”
—Kim Ho-sam, 15 February 2002, in “DPRK Calls Bush ‘Ignorant Political Hooligan,’ Decries US ‘Hypocrisy’ Over Missile Threat,” FBIS Document ID KPP20020215000205.
World Tribune.com reports that North Korea “has intensified preparations for what appears to be a Taepodong test in early 2003. [Note: This is likely a reference to static tests of engines for the Taepodong-2 over the last couple of years.]
—“Bush to Offer Carrot to N. Korea,” World Tribune.com, 17 February 2002, <http://www.worldtribune.com/>.
Assistant Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz says that North Korea is the world’s number one exporter of ballistic missile technology.
—Park Wan Kyu, “Wolfowitz ‘Puk Missile Such’ul 1 Wi’guk’,” Segye Ilbo, 20 February 2002, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>.
Israeli Brigadier General (reserves) Shlomo Brom, former chief of the Israeli Strategic Planning Division, says that countries in the Middle East will deploy North Korean-made Nodong missiles by 2004 or 2005.
—Brent (Won-ki) Choi, “Rodong Deployment in Mideast Expected by ’04,” Joongang Ilbo, 19 February 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; “Iran to Deploy North Korean Missiles in Three Years: Israeli Expert,” Agence France Presse, 19 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/>; Joongang Ilbo, 19 February 2002, in “Israeli Military Expert Warns of Nodong missile Deployment in Mideast by 2004,” FBIS Document ID KPP20020219000005; Ch’oe Wŏn Ki, “Chungdong Such’ul Pukhan Missile 2~3 Nyŏnnae Paech’idoel’gŏt,” Joongang Ilbo, 19 February 2002, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>.
During his visit to South Korea, George W. Bush says the United States has no intention of invading North Korea. Bush also says that he supports Kim Dae Jung’s “sunshine policy” of engagement with North Korea, and that Washington is prepared to renew dialogue with Pyongyang.
—O P’ung Yŏn, Kim Su Chŏng, and Hong Wŏn Sang, “Bush, ‘Pukch’imgong Ŭisa Ŏpta’,” Taehan Maeil, 21 February 2002, p. 1, in KINDS,http://www.kinds.or.kr/ >; Kim Min Bae, “Bush ‘Pukch’imgong Ŭisa Ŏptta’,” Chosun Ilbo, 20 February 2002, <http://www.chosun.com/>;
During a press conference in Beijing, President George W. Bush says that he has asked Chinese President Jiang Zemin to help the United States renew bilateral talks with North Korea.
—“Bush Seeks Jiang’s Help in NKorea Dialogue,” Agence France Presse, 21 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/>; Lee Sang Min, “Bush ‘Puk-Midaehwa Chaegae’e Chung Chiwŏn Yoch’ŏng’,” Joongang Ilbo, 21 February 2002, <http://www.joins.com/>.
According to Sŏ Yu Sŏk, a researcher at the South North Peace Research Institute (남북평화연구소), North Korea has recently been exporting missile components and computer software to support a Nodong maintenance and assembly plant in Iran. Sŏ’s article in the Segye Ilbo also reports that North Korea is currently developing the Taepodong-2, which has an estimated range of 4,300-6,000km when delivering a 1,000kg warhead. The Taepodong-2 is said to have an unidentified propellant for the first stage, and a Nodong missile for the second stage.
—Sŏ Yu Sŏk, “Puk, Missile Ch’oedaesagŏri 9,600km Taepodong 2 Ho Kaebalchung,” Segye Ilbo, 20 February 2002, p. 8, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>.
North Korea’s Foreign Ministry releases a statement that rejects George W. Bush’s call for dialogue with the United States. The English version reads, “We are not willing to have contact with his clan which is trying to change by force of arms the system chosen by the Korean people.” However, the Korean version of the statement is slightly different, “While the US has no intention of recognizing our system, we do not need any proposals for a dialogue that is looking for a pretext to invade [North Korea].”
—“DPRK Foreign Ministry Spokesman on Bush’s Slanders,” Korean Central News Agency, 22 February 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Uri Ch’eje’e Taehan Bush’ŭi Mangbal’ŭn Uriwaŭi Taehwabujŏngsŏn’ŏn / Chosŏn’oemusŏngdaebyŏn’in Tamhwa,” Korean Central News Agency, 22 February 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Kim Yŏng Shik, “Puk, Bush Taehwaje’ŭi Kŏbu,” Donga Ilbo, 22 February 2002, <http://www.donga.com/>.
The Pyongyang Times reports that graduates of the University of Science “played a pivotal role in the manufacture and launch of the satellite Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1, which was inserted into earth orbit in August 1998. The University of Science was reportedly established in January 1967.
—Ri Mi Hwa, “Future Scientists Brought Up,” Pyongyang Times, 23 February 2002, <http://www.times.dprkorea.com/>.
Iraq is reportedly trying to acquire surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) from North Korea. Pyongyang is said to be interested in supplying the missiles to Baghdad, but no shipments have been confirmed.
—“U.S. Suspects Iraq Importing Surface-to-Air Missiles,” Geostrategy-Direct.com, 26 February 2002, <http://www.geostrategy-direct.com/>.
The US and South Korea complete the first of a joint study on confidence-building measures (CBMs) with North Korea to address Pyongyang’s ballistic missiles, WMD programs and conventional forces. The initial part of the study is said to have 32 items to be proposed for CBMs with North Korea. The joint study team reportedly began the study in June 2001.
—Jong-Heon Lee, “U.S. Moves to Tackle Conventional Weapons,” United Press International, 28 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/>; C.W. Lim, “US and South Korea Study Ways to Ease Tensions with North,” Agence France Presse, 28 February 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/>; Kim Min-Seok, “U.S. to Join Effort to Limit North’s Arms,” Joongang Ilbo, 28 March 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Yu Yong Wŏn, “[Han-Mi] Taebuk Kunsashilloejoch’i Maryŏn...Hotline Tŭng Hyŏpsang,” Chosun Ilbo, 27 February 2002, <http://www.chosun.com/>; Kim Kwi Kŭn, “[Han-Mi, CBM Kongdong’yŏn’gusŏnggwawa Chŏnmang],” Chosun Ilbo, 27 February 2002, <http://www.chosun.com/>; Kim Kwi Kŭn, “Hanmi, Kunsashilloejoch’i Kongcongdaeŭng Hab’ŭi,” Chosun Ilbo, 27 February 2002, <http://www.chosun.com/>; “Military Confidence-Building,” Korea Now, Vol. 31, No. 5, 9 March 2002, p. 9.
The North Korean media criticize recent statements by CIA Director George Tenet and Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz that accuse Pyongyang of being a major exporter of missiles and missile technology. The Rodong Sinmun says, “It is the height of sarcasm that the United States unreasonably pulls up the DPRK over its missile plan for self-defense despite the fact that the US is the world’s biggest producer and exporter of weapons and other military equipment.” The commentary also warns, “The people’s army and people of Korea are becoming increasingly assertive that there can be no compromise with the US and they should fight it out.”
—“U.S. Cock-and-Bull Stories Rebuffed,” Korean Central News Agency, 4 March 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Taemibinanhoep’i’rŭl Wihan <T’ando Missile Such’ulguk> Pal’ŏn / Rodongshinmun,” Korean Central News Agency, 4 March 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Shim Kyu Sŏk, “Puk, Missile Kisul Such’ulguk Chimok’e Panbal,” Chosun Ilbo, 4 March 2002, <http://www.chosun.com/>.
The Chosun Ilbo publishes a detailed report on North Korean missile exports. According to the report, North Korea has been exporting Nodong and Scud-B missiles to countries in the Middle East such as Iran and Iraq. The airframes and steel components such as pipes are shipped by freighter from the ports of Namp’o or Shin’ŭiju, and the engine and other “core” parts are shipped by air from Chunghwa Airfield at Chunghwa-kun, Pyongyang, or from Mirim Airfield at Mirim-dong, Sadong-kuyŏk, Pyongyang. The North Korean Air Force operates both of the airfields. The Yong’aksan Trading Company (龍岳山貿易商社 ) under the Second Economic Committee’s External Economic Bureau handles missile exports, and the Ch’anggwang Credit Bank (창광신용은행) receives payment in dollars before exchanging the payments for Hong Kong dollars, Japanese Yen or Deutsche Marks. The Reconnaissance Bureau (정칠국) under the Ministry of the People’s Armed Forces General Staff Department is in charge of the actual shipments from North Korea. [Note: There are no confirmed reports of North Korean shipments of Nodong or Scud missiles to Iraq.]
—Lee Kyo Kwan, “[NK Report] Pukhan Missile Such’ul Ŏddŏhke Hana?” Chosun Ilbo, 5 March 2002, <http://www.chosun.com/>; Yi Kyo-kwan, “How Does North Korea Export Missiles?” Chosun Ilbo, 5 March 2002, in “DPRK Said to Export Body, Main Parts of Missiles Separately,” FBIS Document ID KPP20020305000112.
General Thomas Schwartz, Commander in Chief US Forces, Korea, tells the Senate Armed Services Committee that North Korea is the number one proliferator of missiles, but that Pyongyang has lived up to its commitment to abstain from missile flight-tests. Schwartz says that missile and weapons exports are “where they get their money, that’s how they have kept their economy alive,” and that exports have increased in the “last couple of months.” Furthermore, Schwartz says that North Korea’s “ballistic missile inventory includes over 500 Scuds of various types,” and that North Korea can deploy missiles armed with chemical warheads, and has the ability to weaponize biological agents for delivery with its missiles. The general also says there is no evidence that Pyongyang is engaged in international terrorism.
—“Statement of General Thomas A. Schwartz, Commander in Chief United Nations Command/Combined Forces Command & Commander, United States Forces Korea, before the 107th Congress Senate Armed Services Committee, 5 March 2002, p. 8, <http://www.senate.gov/~armed_services/
statemnt/2002/Schwartz.pdf>; “North Korea Expanding Missile Sales: US General,” Agence France Presse, 5 March 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/>; “Chuhanmi’gun Saryŏnggwan ‘Pukhan Missile Such’ul Chŭngga’,” Chosun Ilbo, 6 March 2002, <http://www.chosun.com/>; Park Wan Kyun, “Schwartz Saryŏnggwan Misang’wŏn’gunsawi Chŭng’ŏn,” Segye Ilbo, 6 March 2002, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>.
North Korea and Russia sign an agreement for scientific exchanges during 2002-2004.
—Ch’oe Sŏn Yŏng, “Puk-Rŏ, Munhwa.Kwahakkyoryugyehoeksŏ Ch’egyŏl,” Joongang Ilbo, 6 April 2002, <http://www.joins.com/>.
In testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee, Lt. General Leon J. LaPorte says that North Korea has “over 500 Scuds of various types” and “continues to produce and deploy Nodong missiles.”
—“Advance Questions for Lieutenant General Leon J. LaPorte, USA Nominee for the Position of Commander in Chief, United Nations Command/Combined Forces Command/Commander, United States Forces Korea,” April 2002,
<http://www.senate.gov/~armed_services/
statemnt/%202002/April/LaPorte.pdf>
statemnt/2002/April/LaPorte.pdf> >; Jim Garamone, “Korea, Pacific Command Nominees Testify,” American Forces Press Service, 26 April 2002, <http://www.defenselink.mil/news/
Apr2002/n04262002_200204265.html>; “LaPorte Chuhanmisaryŏnggwan Sangwŏnch’ŏngmunhoe Mundap ‘Chuhanmin’gun [sic] Hyŏndaehwa-Kaehyŏk P’il’yo’,” Taehan Maeil, 29 April 2002, p. 6, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>.
During a speech at a Korea Institute for Defense Analyses seminar in Seoul, Lieutenant General Daniel R. Zanini, Commander Eighth United States Army, says that North Korea’s missile inventory “approaches 1,000.” Zanini’s statement was widely misquoted in the press as “North Korea possesses 1,000 missiles” or “over 1,000 missiles.”
—“US Commander Warns of NK’s Enhanced Missile Capabilities,” Korea Times, 30 April 2002, <http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/>; “North Korea Possesses 1,000 Ballistic Missiles says Zanini,” Joongang Ilbo, 1 May 2002, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>; Yonhap News Agency, 29 April 2002, in “Eighth US Army Commander Reportedly Notes DPRK’s ‘Big Increase’ in Missiles,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020429000092; Yu Yong Wŏn, “[Mi 8 Kunsaryŏnggwan] ‘Pukhan, Kosŏngnŭng Missile 1000 Kiboyu’,” Chosun Ilbo, 29 April 2002, <http://www.chosun.com/>; Sŏng Dong Ki, “‘Puk Missile 1000 Yŏgae Poyu’ Mi 8 Kun SaryOnggwan Palghyŏ,” Donga Ilbo, 29 April 2002, <http://www.donga.com/>; Kim Min Sŏk, “Puk, T’ando Missile 1 Ch’ŏnbal,” Joongang Ilbo, 30 April 2002, p. 2, in KINDS, <http://www.kinds.or.kr/>.
In Kuala Lumpur, North Korea and Malaysia sign a memorandum of understanding on cooperation in science and technology. The agreement covers the fields of satellites, information technology and agro-technology. The MOU is signed by Dr. Lee Kwang Ho, president of North Korea’s Academy of Sciences, and by Datuk Seri Law Hieng Ding, Malaysia’s Minister of Science, Technology and Environment.
—“Malaysia and North Korea Enhance Cooperation in Science and Technology,” Malaysia General News, 9 May 2002, in Lexs-Nexis, < http://www.lexis-nexis.com/>; “MOU Signed between DPRK and Malaysia,” Korean Central News Agency, 14 May 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Chosŏn’gwa Malaysia Ŭi Kwahakkisulhyŏpcho’e Kwanhan Ryanghaemun Choin,” Korean Central News Agency, 14 May 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “DPRK Delegation Leaves for Malaysia,” Korean Central News Agency, 4 May 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Malaysia’e Ka’nŭn Chosŏnjŏngbugwahakkisultaep’yodan Ch’ulbal,” Korean Central News Agency, 4 May 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Malaysian IT Delegation Arrives in Pyeongyang (sic),” Joongang Ilbo, 8 August 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Chŏng Yŏng Shik, “Malaysia Kwagidaep’yodan Pangbuk,” Joongang Ilbo, 8 August 2002, <http://www.joins.com/>.
Iran and Libya sign a deal for Tehran to transfer Shehab-3 missile technology. The deal is reportedly for five years and Libya will pay Iran $13.5 million per year. North Korea will also participate in the project according to Middle East Newsline.
—“Iran Begins Export of Shihab-3 Technology,” Middle East Newsline, Vol. 4, No. 351, 18 September 2002, <http://www.menewsline.com/>.
National Defense Commission Chairman Kim Jong Il, Kim Il Ch’ŏl, Minister of the People’s Armed Forces, and Vice Marshal Kim Yŏng Ch’un, chief of the general staff of the Korean People’s Army, and other high-ranking officials meet with a Russian military delegation from the Far Eastern Military District. The Russian delegation is led by Colonel General Yuri Yakubov, the commander of the district. Andrei Karlov, the Russian ambassador to North Korea, and Vladislav Prokopenko, the Russian military attaché from the embassy also attend the meetings. The delegation arrived in Pyongyang on 31 May, and was preceded by a “Red-Flag Ensemble” that arrived on 27 May.
—“Kim Jong Il Meets with Russian Military Delegation,” Korean Central News Agency, 2 June 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Kim Jong Il Ch’ongbisŏ Russia Ryŏnbangmuryŏk Wŏndonggun’gwan’gudaep’yodan’ŭl Chŏpkyŏn,” Korean Central News Agency, 2 June 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Chief of KPA general Staff Meets Russian Military Delegation,” Korean Central News Agency, 2 June 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Kim Yŏng Ch’un Ch’ongch’ammojang’i Russia Ryŏnbangmuryŏk Wŏndonggun’gwan’gudaep’yodan’ŭl Mannatda,” Korean Central News Agency, 2 June 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Delegation of Far Eastern Military District of Russia Here,” Korean Central News Agency, 31 May 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Russia Ryŏnbangmuryŏk Wŏndonggun’gwan’gudaep’yodan Toch’ak,” Korean Central News Agency, 31 May 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Russian Military Delegation Feted,” Korean Central News Agency, 1 June 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Inminmuryŏkpu’esŏ Russia Ryŏnbangmuryŏk Wŏndonggun’gwan’gudaep’yodan’ŭl Wihayŏ Yŏnhoe Maryŏn,” Korean Central News Agency, 1 June 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Delegation and Ensemble of Far Eastern Military District of Russia Here,” Korean Central News Agency, 27 May 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Russia Ryŏnbangmuryŏk Pulg’ŭn’giwŏndonggungwan’guhyŏpchudan Toch’ak,” Korean Central News Agency, 27 May 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “<Pukhandanshin> Russia Kunhyŏpchudan Pyongyang Toch’ak,” Yonhap News Agency, 27 May 2002, <http://www.yonhapnews.net/>; “N.K. Defense Minister Meets with Russian Military Delegation,” Joongang Ilbo, 3 June 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; “Puk Kim Il Ch’ŏl, Rŏgun Taep’yodan Manna,” Chosun Ilbo, 3 June 2002, <http://nk.chosun.com/>.
Government delegations from the United States, Japan, and South Korea hold a Trilateral Coordination and Oversight Group (TCOG) meeting in San Francisco. The three sides agree about the importance of holding “comprehensive and flexible talks with North Korea.” The US and Japanese delegations reaffirmed support for Kim Dae Jung’s policy of engagement with Pyongyang, and for the implementation of the Agreed Framework.
—Press Statement, Richard Boucher, Spokesman, “Joint Statement by the Trilateral Coordination and Oversight Group,” US Department of State, 18 June 2002, <http://www.state.gov/>; “U.S. Hopes to Ease N. Korea Tension – AP,” Joongang Ilbo, 19 June 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Shim Jae-yun, “ROK Urges US to Upgrade Level for Dialogue with NK,” Korea Times, 21 June 2002, <http://www.hk.co.kr/times.htm>; Kim Ji-ho, “North Korea Urged to Allow International Nuclear Inspection,” Korea Herald, 20 June 2002, <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/>.
Ambassador Jack Pritchard, Special Envoy for Negotiations with the DPRK, meets with Ambassador Pak Kil Yŏn at North Korea’s Permanent Mission to the UN in New York. Pritchard asks the Mission if there are any convenient dates for a US delegation to visit North Korea. On 25 June, the United States informs the Mission that a delegation could be prepared to visit Pyongyang on 10 July. On 27 June, the US side asks for a confirmation of the date, and for a timely response in consideration of time needed for travel arrangements. Following the naval clash between North and South Korea on 29 June, and the lack of a response from Pyongyang, the United States cancels the proposed visit on 1 July 2002.
—Press Statement, Richard Boucher, Spokesman, “Status of Political Dialogue with North Korea,” US Department of State, 2 July 2002, <http://www.state.gov/>; Office of the Spokesman, “Taken Questions From Daily Press Briefing of June 14, 2002: North Korea – Talks in New York,” US Department of State, 14 June 2002, <http://www.state.gov/>; Yonhap News Agency, 28 June 2002, in “ROK’s Yonhap: Washington Suggests Sending Envoy to Pyongyang Second Week of July,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020629000007; “ROK“Mi T’ŭksabangbuk Ch’ŏlhoe Kongshik Palp’yo,” Joongang Ilbo, 3 July2002,<http://www.joins.com/>.
The Korean Central news Agency reports that North Korea will host the “2002 Pyongyang International Technology and Infrastructure Exhibition” 17-20 September 2002. The event will be co-sponsored by the DPRK International Exhibition Company and the Munich International Exhibition Corporation. The exhibition will display “equipment for developing the latest technology and machines and equipment to be used in building, building materials, metal, mining, transport, communications and chemical industry.” [Note: Transfers of machines and technologies for metallurgy could possibly be applied to missile development.]
—“Pyongyang International Technology and Infrastructure Exhibition to Be Held,” Korean Central News Agency, 24 June 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “P’yŏngyang Kukchegyŏngje Mit Habugujo Chŏllamhoega Chinhaeng Toenda / 9 Wŏl 17 Il ~ 20 Il,” Korean Central News Agency, 24 June 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>.
North and South Korean naval forces clash in coastal waters off the west coast. One South Korean vessel is sunk and four sailors are killed. North Korean casualties are estimated to be about 30. During the skirmish, South Korean elint indicates that North Korean radars have been turned on for ship-borne anti-ship Styx missiles and for Silkworm missiles based onshore. The South Korean vessels disperse chaff as a countermeasure and reportedly break off their aggressive pursuit of the North Korean vessels in fear that a North Korea could respond with a missile attack, which would potentially result in a serious escalation of the conflict.
—“The Naval Clash on the Yellow Sea on 29 June 2002 between South and North Korea: The Situation and ROK’s Position,” Ministry of National Defense, Republic of Korea, 1 July 2002, <http://www.mnd.go.kr/>; “Pukhan’gun’ŭi NLL Ch’imbŏm Mit Tobal’gwa Uri Kun’ŭi Taeŭng,” Ministry of National Defense, Republic of Korea, 2 July 2002, <http://www.mnd.go.kr/>; “Sŏhae’gyojŏn Chosa Kyŏl’gwa [Sŏhae’gyojŏnsat’ae Kwallyŏn Podo Briefing (’02.7.7)],” Ministry of National Defense, Republic of Korea, 7 July 2002; Ministry of National Defense, 7 July 2002, in “ROK Defense Ministry Announces Investigation Results of West Sea Clash—Graphics,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020707000007; Hwang Jang-jin, “N.K Readied Anti-Ship Missiles During Naval Exchange of Fire,” Korea Herald, 5 July 2002, <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/>; Yonhap News Agency, 4 July 2002, in “ROK DefMin (sic) Refutes Criticism, Says DPRK Was Preparing Missile launch in Sea Clash,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020704000034; Hwang Jang-jin, “S. Korea, U.S. Analyze Communications During West Sea Skirmish with N. Korea,” Korea Herald, 1 July 2002, <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/>; Hwang Jang-jin, “South, North Exchange Fire in West Sea,” Korea Herald, 30 June 2002, <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/>; Doug Struck, “N. Korea Sends Contradictory Signals,” Washington Post, 1 July 2002, p. 12; Yonhap News Agency, 7 July 2002, in “ROK’s Yonhap: Misinformation Causes navy’s Meager Reaction to N. K. Provocation,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020707000010; “S. Korean Military to Blame for Armed Clash in West Sea,” Korean Central News Agency, 30 June 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Sŏhaemujangch’ungdolsa’gŏn Taehan Namjosŏn Tanggug’ŭi Palp’yo’nŭn Nalcho / Chosŏn’inmin’gun Haegunsaryŏngbu Taebyŏn’in,” Korean Central News Agency, 30 June 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “U.S. Is to Blame for Armed Clash in West Sea of Korea,” Korean Central News Agency, 1 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Migug’ŭn Sŏhaemujangch’ungdolsa’gŏn’ŭi Ch’aeg’im’esŏ Chŏltaero Pŏs’ŏ Nalsu Ŏpta / Chosŏn’oemusŏngdaebyŏn’in,” Korean Central News Agency, 1 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>.
A Pakistani C-130 transport plane lands in North Korea and is loaded with missile parts for export back to Pakistan. [Note: The shipment is part of a suspected nuclear-for-missile barter deal between Islamabad and Pyongyang. It is not clear if Pakistan delivered nuclear materials or technologies on this flight.]
—David E. Sanger, “In North Korea and Pakistan, Deep Roots of Nuclear Barter,” New York Times, 24 November 2002, <http://www.nytimes.com/>.
The United States cancels a proposed visit by a US delegation to Pyongyang. On 14 June, Ambassador Jack Pritchard, Special Envoy for Negotiations with the DPRK, met with Ambassador Pak Kil Yŏn at North Korea’s Permanent Mission to the UN in New York, and proposed the visit. The US State Department says the trip, which was proposed for 10 July, is no longer possible because of the Pyongyang’s “failure to respond in a timely manner,” and because the clash between North and South Korean naval vessels on 29 June “had created an unacceptable atmosphere in which to conduct the talks.”
—Press Statement, Richard Boucher, Spokesman, “Status of Political Dialogue with North Korea,” US Department of State, 2 July 2002, <http://www.state.gov/>; Office of the Spokesman, “Taken Questions From Daily Press Briefing of June 14, 2002: North Korea – Talks in New York,” US Department of State, 14 June 2002, <http://www.state.gov/ >; Vernon Loeb, “U.S. Shelves N. Korea Talks” Washington Post, 3 July 2002, p. 20, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/>; Yonhap News Agency, 3 July 2002, in “ROK’s Yonhap: Hope for U.S.-N.K. Talks Disappears Due Mostly to Naval Clash,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020703000029; “Mi T’ŭksabangbuk Ch’ŏlhoe Kongshik Palp’yo,” Joongang Ilbo, 3 July 2002, <http://www.joins.com/>.
A North Korean Foreign Ministry spokesman accuses the United States of being responsible for the 29 June naval clash between North and South Korea because the “Northern Limit Line” was set unilaterally by the United States and was not part of the July 1953 armistice. According to the spokesman, “the incident occurred as the South Korean naval vessels intruded into the territorial waters of the north side and fired first hundreds of rounds of bullets and shells at the patrol boats of the navy of the Korean People’s Army on routine coastal guard duty.”
—“U.S. Is to Blame for Armed Clash in West Sea of Korea,” Korean Central News Agency, 1 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Migug’ŭn Sŏhaemujangch’ungdolsagŏn’ŭi Chaeg’im’esŏ Chŏldaero Pŏs’ŏ Nalsu Ŏpta/Chosŏn’oemusŏngdaebyŏn’in,” Korean Central News Agency, 1 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>.
US Ambassador Thomas Hubbard says that the naval clash on 29 June appears to be a deliberate attack from North Korea, but that he expects no significant changes in bilateral relations between Washington and Pyongyang, and between Seoul and Pyongyang. Hubbard says the United States continues to support Kim Dae Jung’s policy of engagement with North Korea, and he believes it is impossible to know whether Kim Jong Il was involved in the command decisions related to the sea battle.
—Kim Kwang-tae, “Naval Clash NK’s ‘Deliberate’ Provocation: Hubbard,” Korea Times, 8 July 2002, <http://www.hankooki.com>.
According to a Geostrategy-Direct.com report, “US officials have confirmed that Egypt obtained at least 24 Nodong missiles and engines from North Korea.” According to the report, Egypt has acquired a number of launchers from former Soviet states including Belarus and Latvia. The number of launchers is said to exceed the number of missiles, which suggests that Egypt is planning to acquire more Nodongs from North Korea. The Nodongs currently in the Egyptian inventory are said to have been smuggled across the border with Libya.
—“Middle East Report: U.S. Confirms Delivery of No-Dong Missiles to Egypt via Libya,” Geostrategy-Direct.com, 9 July 2002, <http://geostrategy-direct.com/>.
Kim Yŏng Nam, President of the Presidium of Supreme People’s Assembly, visits Libya to meet with a number of high-level officials. Kim is accompanied by Foreign Minister Paek Nam Sun, Minister of Trade Lee Kwang Kun and Academy of Sciences President Lee Kwang Ho. The two sides sign agreements on scientific and technical cooperation, the promotion and protection of foreign investment, and information and cultural exchanges. [Note: The meetings are also suspected of addressing cooperation in the field of ballistic missiles.]
—Agreements, Plan Signed betwiin [sic] DPRK and Libya,” Korean Central News Agency, 16 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Chosŏn’gwa Libya’saie Hyŏpchowa Kyoryu Kanghwahalte Taehan Hyŏpchŏngdŭlgwa Chiphaenggyehoeksŏ Choin,” Korean Central News Agency, 16 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Inter-Sector Talks Held between DPRK and Libya,” Korean Central News Agency, 15 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Chosŏn’gwa Libya’saiŭi Pumunbyŏlhoedam Chinhaeng,” Korean Central News Agency, 15 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/ >; “Iran Begins Export of Shihab-3 Technology,” Middle East Newsline, Vol. 4, No. 351, 18 September 2002, <http://www.menewsline.com/>; “DPRK Senior Official Winds up Visits to Indonesia, Libya and Syria,” Xinhua News Agency, 19 July 2002, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/>; “Kim Yong Nam Leaves Tarabulus,” Korean Central News Agency, 16 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Kim Yŏng Nam Wiwŏnjang Libya Pangmun Kkŭt’mach’igo T’arabul’sŭ Ch’ulbal,” Korean Central News Agency, 16 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Talks Held between Kim Yong Nam and Mustafa al Kharoubi,” Korean Central News Agency, 15 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Kim Yŏng Nam Wiwŏnjang Libya Ch’ong’inmindaehoe Pisŏ’rŭl Manatta,” Korean Central News Agency, 15 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “N. Korea Discusses Missile Deal with Libya, Syria,” Middle East Newsline, Vol. 4, No. 258, 12 July 2002, <http://www.menewsline.com/>.
In a statement before the Senate Foreign relations Committee, Frank Gaffney, president of the Center for Security Policy, says, “It is no coincidence the regimes that are currently working hardest to attain and proliferate weapons of mass destruction are the same regimes that are the most tyrannical.” Gaffney includes North Korea with Iran, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Cuba, Sudan, Algeria, and China. [Note: The statement elicits a response from the North Korean media on 14 August.]
—Frank J. Gaffney, “Nuclear Treaty with Russia,” Statement before the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Federal Document Clearing House Congressional Testimony, 23 July 2002, in Lexis-Nexis, <http://web.lexis-nexis.com/>.
Kim Jong Il visits the Hŭich’ŏn Machine Tool Factory to inspect NC machine tools.
—“Efficient Engine for Building Powerful Nation,” Korean Central News Agency, 22 August 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Kim Jong Il Ch’ongbisŏ Hŭich’ŏnshinae Kongjang, Kiŏpsodŭl’ŭl Hyŏnjijido,” Korean Central News Agency, 27 July 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Korean Central News Agency, 22 August 2002, in “DPRK’s KCNA: Efficient Engine for Building Powerful Nation,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020822000033.
During a visit to Pyongyang, Russian Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov says that North Korea “is ready for a constructive dialogue with the United States and Japan, without any preconditions.” Ivanov held several hours of talks with Kim Jong Il during his two-day visit.
—Karen DeYoung, “N. Korea Eager for Talks, Russia Says,” Washington Post, 30 July 2002, p. 11, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/>.
Geostrategy reports that in recent weeks, US reconnaissance satellites have detected information that indicates North Korea is preparing to export “chemicals used in rocket fuel,” probably to a country in the Middle East.
—“Satellites Spot North Koreans Preparing Rocket Fuel Ingredients for Export,” Geostrategy, Week of 30 July 2002, <http://geostrategy-direct.com/>.
US Secretary of State Colin Powell and North Korean Foreign Minister Paek Nam Sun have a 15-minute talk over coffee at the ARF meeting in Brunei. Paek later says that North Korea has agreed to resume dialogue with the United States. Paek also holds a meeting with Japanese Foreign Minister Yoriko Kawaguchi, and both parties agree to work towards the normalization of ties between Tokyo and Pyongyang.
—Don Kirk, “Powell Meets With North Korean Counterpart in Brunei,” New York Times, 31 July 2002; Karen DeYoung, “Powell Tentative on N. Korea,” Washington Post, 1 August 2002, p. 22; “Coffee With North Korea,” Washington Post, 1 August 2002, p. 26; Kyodo News Service, 31 July, in “Japan, N. Korea Agree to promote Normalization,” FBIS Document ID: JPP20020731000116.
North Korea delivers 15 Scud-C missiles to Yemen. In December, Yahya Alshawkani, a spokesman for the Yemeni embassy in the United States, confirms the transfer. [Note: In late August, the United States imposes sanctions on a North Korean trading company believed to have arranged the transfer. However, according to the State Department, the sanctions are imposed because of missile transfers that occurred during the Clinton administration.]
— Bill Gertz, “N. Korea Ships Fuel, Missiles to Yemen,” Washington Times, 2 December 2002, p. 1, <http://www.washtimes.com/ >; Department of State, Bureau of Nonproliferation Public Notice 4106 in the Federal Register, Vol. 67, No. 164, 23 August 2002, pp. 54693-54694; Michael R. Gordon, “North Korea Incurs U.S. Penalty for Missile Parts Sales to Yemen,” New York Times, 22 August 2002, <http://www.nytimes.com/>; SIPRI Yearbook 2002: Armament and Disarmament and International Security, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).
According to evidence acquired by the Bush administration, Pakistan has been assisting North Korea with its nuclear weapons program as late as August 2002. The administration believes Pakistan has been providing “nuclear technical knowledge, designs and possibly materials in exchange for missile parts up until this summer.”
—Glenn Kessler, “Pakistan’s N. Korea Deals Stir Scrutiny,” Washington Post, 13 November 2002, p. A1, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/>.
The North Korean Foreign Ministry issues a statement regarding the visit of a special US envoy to Pyongyang. The spokesman says North Korea is willing to receive the envoy, but that results from the restart of bilateral dialogue would depend upon the “US dropping it hostile policy towards North Korea.”
—“Spokesman of DPRK FM on Issue of Pyongyang Visit of U.S. Special Envoy,” Korean Central News Agency, 8 August 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Munjenŭn Migug’I Taejosŏnjŏktaeshijŏngch’aeg’ŭl Kŭ’mandu’nŭnde Itta / Chosŏn’oemusŏngdaebyŏn’in Migukt’ŭksa P’yŏnyangbangmunmunje’e Ŏn’gŭp,” Korean Central News Agency, 8 August 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Kim Hee-sung, “North Challenges ‘Hostile’ Policy, Reports on Envoy,” Joongang Ilbo, 9 August 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>.
In Tokyo, Vann H. Van Diepen, director of the US State Department’s Office of Chemical, Biological, and Missile Nonproliferation, says, “The North Koreans hopefully realize it’s very much in their interest to maintain that [missile test] moratorium and maintain it indefinitely.” Van Diepan also says that any North Korean missile test would be very destabilizing.
—Oh Day-young, “U.S. Official Warns the North to Keep Missile Moratorium,” Joongang Ilbo, 10 August 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>.
A Malaysian government delegation in the field of science and technology visits Pyongyang. The delegation is led by Datuk Seri Law Hieng Ding, Malaysian Minister of Science, Technology and Environment. Kim Yŏng Nam, President of the Presidium of North Korea’s Supreme People’s Assembly, and Dr. Lee Kwang Ho, president of North Korea’s Academy of Sciences, meet with the delegation. On 9 May 2002, the two countries signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation in science and technology that covered the fields of satellites, information technology and agro-technology.
—“Kim Yong Nam Meets Malaysian Delegation,” Korean Central News Agency, 8 August 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Kim Yŏng Nam Wiwŏnjang’I Malaysia Chŏngbugwahakkisuldaep’yodan’ŭl Manatta,” Korean Central News Agency, 8 August 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; Ri Mi Hwa, “Rosy Prospects in Sci-Tech Cooperation,” Pyongyang Times, 17 August 2002, <http://www.times.dprkorea.com/>.
Middle East Newsline reports that North Korea and Egypt recently met to discuss military cooperation, and that the talks could have included missiles. According to the report, the meeting took place during a visit from a committee in North Korea’s Supreme People’s Assembly. The meeting took place with members of Budget Committee in Egypt’s parliament.
—“Egypt, N. Korea Discuss New Cooperation Plan,” Middle East Newsline, 14 August 2002, Vol. 4, No. 305, <http://www.menewsline.com/>; Middle East Newsline, 14 August 2002, in “Cairo, Pyongyang Talks reportedly Dealt with New North Korea Missile Sales,” FBIS Document ID: GMP20020814000089.
In response to the US Senate testimony on 23 July by Frank Gaffney, president of the Center for Security Policy, the Rodong Sinmun says that North Korean missiles are “not for threatening anyone.”
—“U.S. Hawkish Forces’ Sophism Under Fire,” Korean Central News Agency, 14 August 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>; “Shinmundŭl Sŏnjegonggyŏg’ŭi Kushil’ŭl Maryŏnhagi Wihan Mi’gukhojŏnseryŏg’ŭi Kwebyŏn’ŭl Kyut’an,” Korean Central News Agency, 14 August 2002, <http://www.kcna.co.jp/>.
In US Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld’s annual report, Rumsfeld says that “Iraq, Iran and North Korea are arming with long-range missiles and are seeking or acquiring nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons.”
— Donald H. Rumsfeld, “Annual Report to the President and the Congress,” 2002, p. 12, <http://www.defenselink.mil/execsec/adr2002/index.htm>.
The US imposes sanctions against North Korea’s “Ch’anggwang Shinyong Corporation” for violating US export control laws regarding the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). According to reports, the sanctions are being applied for the sale of Scud-C missile components to Yemen during the time of the Clinton administration. The sanctions will last for two years. [Note: The organization is actually a bank that handles the financial transactions for North Korea’s exports. The name of the bank is “Korea Ch’anggwang Credit Bank (창광신용은행).”]
—Department of State, Bureau of Nonproliferation Public Notice 4106 in the Federal Register, Vol. 67, No. 164, 23 August 2002, pp. 54693-54694; Michael R. Gordon, “North Korea Incurs U.S. Penalty for Missile Parts Sales to Yemen,” New York Times, 22 August 2002, <http://www.nytimes.com/>; Peter Slevin, “U.S. to Sanction North Korean Manufacturer,” Washington Post, 23 August 2002, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/>; Ser Myo-ja, “U.S. Sanctions North for Yemen Missile Sale,” Joongang Ilbo, 24 August 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Eli J. Lake, “U.S. to penalize North Korean Arms Firm,” Washington Times, 23 August 2002, <http://www.washtimes.com/>; “U.S. Imposes Sanctions on N. Korea,” Middle East Newsline, Vol. 4, No. 320, 26 August 2002, <http://www.menewsline.com/>.
Korean Central Television in Pyongyang denies the accusations in Donald Rumsfeld’s report issued on 15 August that say “North Korea is arming with long-range missiles and is seeking or acquiring nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons.” The broadcast admits that North Korea produces missiles for self-defense, but says that Pyongyang opposes the use of weapons of mass destruction.
—Korean Central Broadcasting, 20 August 2002, in “DPRK Criticizes US Defense Report Claiming DPRK Possesses Long-Range Missiles,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020820000090.
North Korea’s National Defense Commission Chairman Kim Jong Il visits the Russian Far East and meets with President Vladimir Putin. Kim visits a number of factories, including production facilities for the Sukhoi-27 fighter and diesel submarines. The two leaders discuss economic issues and the linkage of railways between the two nations. According to Shindonga, a South Korean monthly, Kim suggests a joint project for the production of ballistic missiles with a range of up to 500km. The production facility would be located in the Russian Far East and North Korea would send Korean engineers for “technical cooperation.”
—Shindonga, 1 October 2002, pp. 126-131, in “ROK Monthly: Russia Rejects DPRK Request for Weapons During Kim Chong-il’s Visit” FBIS Document ID: KPP20021002000005; “Kim Jong Il, Putin’ege Hangmo-Suho’i27 – Diesel Chamsuham Yogu Hada Kŏjŏldanghaetta,” Shindonga, October 2002, <http://www.donga.com/docs/magazine/new_donga>;”Kim and Team Talk Weapons, Jets, Subs with Russia,” Joongang Ilbo, 21 August 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Ahn Sung-kyoo, “North’s Leader Sits in Cockpit of Russian Jet; Summit Unsure,” Joongang Ilbo, 22 August 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; ITAR-TASS, 22 August 2002, in “North Korean Leader Kim Expresses Interest in Russian Troops Weapons,” FBIS Document ID: CEP20020822000160; “Detailed Report on Kim Jong Il’s Visit to Far Eastern Region of Russia,” Korean Central News Agency, 26 August 2002, <>; “Kim Jong Il Kukpang’wiwŏnjang’ŭi Russia’ryŏnbang Wŏndongjiyŏkpangmun’e Taehan Sangbo,” Korean Central News Agency, 26 August 2002, <>; “Korean Deeply Impressed by Kim Jong Il’s Foreign Tour,” Korean Central News Agency, 23 August 2002, <>; “Kim Jong Il Wiwŏnjangkkesŏ kkomsso’molsŭ’k’ŭ - Na – A’mu’reshi’rŭl Pangmun Hashiyŏtta,” Korean Central News Agency, 22 August 2002, <>; “Third Day: Kim Jong-il Visists Factories in Khabarovsk,” Joongang Ilbo, 22 August 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Doug Struck, “Putin Wants Korean Rail to Help Russia’s Far East,” Washington Post, 23 August 2002, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/>; Ki-Hyun Kim, “Putin Advised Kim Jong-il to Open Up,” Donga Ilbo, 23 August 2002, <http://www.donga.com/>; Kim Ki Hyŏn, “Putin Kaebangnasŏra Kim Jong Il Sŏltŭk,” Donga Ilbo, 23 August 2002, <http://www.donga.com/>; Jim Heintz, “N. Korea, Russia Talk Economics – AP,” Joongang Ilbo, 24 August 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Korean Central Broadcasting Station, 21 August 2002, in “Details of DPRK Leader’s 21 Aug Visit to Komsomolsk-on-Amure,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020821000123.
In an interview with a South Korean Internet news provider, US Ambassador Thomas Hubbard says that the United States is not ruling out the possibility of seizing North Korean missile exports on the high seas. However, Hubbard says that the United States wants to resolve its dispute with North Korea over its missile and WMD programs through dialogue.
—Son Byŏng Kwan, et al., “Panmi’gamjŏng, ‘Taehwabujŏk’i Wŏn’in Yŏjungsaengsa’gŏn ‘Chaep’an’gwan P’ogi’ Kollan [Yŏllin Interview 69] Hubbard Chuhan Midaesa,” Ohmynews, 26 August 2002, <http://www.ohmynews.com/>; Shimi Jae-yun, “US Hints at Retaliatory Steps Against NK Exports of Missiles,” Korea Times, 26 August 2002, <http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/>; Kwon Kyung-bok, “US Ambassador Notes NK Taking Right Steps,” Chosun Ilbo, 26 August 2002, <http://nk.chosun.com/english>; Yonhap News Agency, 26 August 2002, in “Further on Interview with US Ambassador Hubbard to ROK on USFK, DPRK Issues,” FBIS Document ID: KPP20020826000064.
While in Tokyo, John Bolton, US Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, says the United States has evidence that North Korea is producing nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, and long-range ballistic missiles. Bolton also says that North Korea is exporting missiles and missile components.
—“Bolton Fields Queries on Iraq, North Korea,” August 26 Roundtable in Tokyo, 26 August 2002, <http://www.globalsecurity.org/>; Natalie Obiko Pearson, “Top U.S. Arms Negotiator Accuses North Korea of Building, Exporting Weapons of Mass Destruction –AP,” Joongang Ilbo, 27 August 2002, <http://english.joins.com/>; Kwon Kyung-bok, “John R. Bolton to Visit Seoul,” Chosun Ilbo, 27 August 2002, <http://english.chosun.com/>; “Bolton Ch’a’gwan, ‘Pukhan Haek-Saenghwahang’mugi Kaebal’,” Chosun Ilbo, 27 August 2002, <http://nk.chosun.com/>.
In Seoul, John Bolton, US Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, says that “in addition to its disturbing weapons of mass destruction activities, North Korea also is the world’s foremost peddler of ballistic missile-related equipment, components, materials and technical expertise.” Bolton also says that George W. Bush’s reference to North Korea as being part of an “axis of evil” was “more than a rhetorical flourish—it was factually correct.” Bolton says the Agreed Framework is “in serious doubt” unless safeguards inspections begin soon, and there is “little doubt that North Korea has a chemical weapons program and “one of the most robust offensive bioweapons programs on earth.”
—John R. Bolton, “North Korea: A Shared Challenge to the U.S. and the Republic of Korea,” 29 August
